Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf womenbeo

Job of Women in Beowulf As an epic story of saints and beasts, Beowulf gives its perusers much fervor and experience, however Beowulf's significance is something beyond abstract. It offers numerous experiences into the convictions and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these experiences is the Anglo-Saxon perspective on ladies and their job in the public eye. Great Anglo-Saxon ladies are serene and unassertive, welcoming visitors and serving beverages to the warriors and other men in the meadhall. Wealhtheow, the sovereign of the Danes, speaks to an ordinary compliant Anglo-Saxon lady. As a foil to Wealhtheow, Grendel's mom is a solid and contentious beast whom Beowulf must murder. By breaking down these two characters in Beowulf, we can comprehend the treatment and abuse of ladies in Anglo-Saxon society. The creator of Beowulf by and large backings the conventional Anglo-Saxon perspectives on ladies by applauding Wealhtheow, censuring Grendel's mom, and demonstrating the need to smother female powers like Wyrd; notwithstanding, he offers some analysis of these perspectives by making compassion toward Grendel's mom, permitting Wealhtheow to stand up for herself in light of a legitimate concern for her better half and kids, and uncovering manly dread of ladylike force. The creator makes Wealhtheow to epitomize the job of a conventional Anglo-Saxon lady, and he presents this job as the main fitting one for Wealhtheow to satisfy. She fills in as a peacekeeper in the ever-turbulent Heorot meadhall. At the point when the creator initially acquaints Wealhtheow with his crowd, she promptly falls into her job as tranquil greeter and mixed drink server. The writer expresses, At that point Wealhtheow approached/society sovereign of the Danes little girl of Helmingas/and Hrothgar's bedmate. She hailed every one of them/spo... ...st obscurity (l. 73) to reestablish harmony and request. Wyrd attempts to carry issue and fate to Beowulf and the warriors of Heorot, similarly as Grendel's mom compensation her war of devastation and passing on Hrothgar and his realm. Beowulf curbs Grendel's mom for all time by killing her, yet Wyrd must be maintained a strategic distance from briefly, not obliterated for the last time. This proposes the battle against female position and uprising is ageless, and the best way to manage this issue is on an individual premise. The creator's perspectives on ladies may never be completely uncovered, however plainly he has confidence in male prevalence and that extremist females should over be stifled. Like Wealhtheow, females should just apply insignificant force and impact, however they ought to consistently keep the beverages coming. Work Cited Beowulf. Trans. Frederick Rebsamen. New York: HarperPerennial, 1991.

Superstructure Work Package Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Superstructure Work Package - Essay Example The structure includes ten stories, with each one of those over the ground giving office settlement. There is likewise a ground floor, just as, a high storm cellar with a tallness of 7.5m. The last gives space to a parking garage, stacking narrows and plants. Vehicles access the storm cellar through two vehicle lifts. The structure has a halfway positioned chamber, which stretches out starting from the earliest stage to the tenth level, where it is secured with a coated rooftop. The Point’s border or boundary light well permits common light to get to all floors including the ground floor, notwithstanding giving ventilation to the plant zones in the storm cellar level. Work Package and Innovation under investigation Even however the building’s border light well and veneers proposed by the designer carry light to all over the ground levels, they don't establish a complete cooling and ventilation framework. Moreover, the lighting system doesn't provide food for the storm c ellar level, along these lines denying plant regions adequate light for development. Hence, in this way, more contemplations must be represented, so as to upgrade manageability, specialized execution and feel, according to the client’s prerequisites. ... The Point on the nearby condition just as on the potential inhabitants; which will make it conceivable to dissect the new improvements in the plan, activity and development of this tall structure. The accessible open doors will be the need of guaranteeing the customer consistent dynamism gave that The Point requires standout conditions for its activities. So as to accomplish this, the building’s the board should ensure that the interest for office space will be met. Further, tall places of business like the Point have gotten progressively basic because of the capable use that they make on the constrained land that is accessible. This isn't just in Paddington, however it ought to be executed in London in general. There is criticalness for more office settlement yet there are issues that are knowledgeable about such a circumstance. The issue being experience is in the practical improvement which is the key parameter of activity, and noticing that, The Point has not depleted all conceivable maintainability procedures. The development, structure just as the activity of The Point, speaking to tall structure has bombed in fitting in with new the enactment requesting establishment of reasonable manageability methodology. Execution Standards The chief structure stress for various tall structures is fixed on their operational viability rather than the ecological effect. Another equalization should be struck between these two elements. Wasteful vitality is likewise another worry. Theoretical engineers don't have any enthusiasm for different people’s building since they just need to amplify on their income that improve natural issues which will at last spare vitality and the inhabitants will acquire significantly more on vitality installment. The lifecycle appraisal

Nature Essays to Celebrate Earth Day Year Round

Nature Essays to Celebrate Earth Day Year Round This post about nature essays is a guest post from Melissa Baron. Melissa lives in Chicago, and works as a copywriter and proofreader for a media production company (she thinks its pretty cool because she gets to work with educational publishers, but also because they celebrate things like Pi Day and feed her pie). She is a former English major and graduate of the Denver Publishing Institute, and has never met a semicolon she didnt accidentally abuse in some fashion because she loves them a little too much. In her spare time, she does freelance copy editing and proofreading, explores Chicago (especially its rad architecture and art), goes on literary-themed road trips, and hangs out with her cat, Denali. She is incapable of stepping foot on public transit without a book in her bag, and its most likely a Stephen King novel, the latest Maggie Stiefvater book, or a volume of Warsan Shires poetry. Follow her on Twitter  @MelissaBaron4. We have a hell of a relationship with the environment, don’t we? We know it needs to be protected. We know our natural resources are finite, we know global warming is real, and we know we cannot continue on the path we’re on without dire consequences. For too many people, though, those consequences are just far enough in the future to feel inconsequential, so…here we are. I’m not here to get on a soapbox about protecting the planet (although I can), but I am here to give you some beautiful pieces of prose on the environment and nature that deserve to be read. To give you a moment to be moved by others’ observations of our world and how we fit in it. I dare say it’s now more important than ever. Here are five nature essays and essay collections that not only make you appreciate what we often take for granted, but make you wonder and question about our connection to the earth, our connection to each other, and what that says about us. “The Great American Desert,” by Bill McKibben Let McKibben tell you why we still need an actively hostile-to-human-survival environment. Spoiler: Because the desert doesn’t cater to us. Because it is there, it is awe-inspiring, it is not for recreation, and we need places like this to continue their “unspoiled” existence. “The Bats,” from Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World, by Linda Hogan Dwellings is full of meditations on the natural world and our problematic relationship with it, but in this essay, Hogan encounters a pair of injured bats and brings them home. She describes them in such loving detail: “Between their long, starry finger bones were dark webbings of flesh, wings for sailing jagged across the evening sky. The black wing membranes were etched like the open palm of a human hand, stretched open, offering up a fortune for the reading.” For her eloquent observations alone, Hogan’s collection is worth diving into beyond “The Bats.” Wilderness Essays, by John Muir There’s a reason why hiking trails in Nevada and Scotland are named after Muir, as well as a beach, a mountain peak, a glacier, and at least one college. Read some Muir for vivid love letters to the national parks and beautiful landscapes of the U.S. (he really, really loved the woods, guys.) Bonus: Right now, it’s only .99 cents through Kindle. “Am I Blue?” by Alice Walker Walker, a horse named Blue, and this line: “Everything you do to us will happen to you; we are your teachers, as you are ours.” This essay will break your heart, but it will learn you a thing or two about the parallels between how we treat animals and how we’ve treated each other. Fun factâ€"this essay was also banned in 1994 by a California school board because it was said to be “anti-meat eating” and thus unsuitable for 10th graders. Because that’s the biggest takeaway, clearly. “High Tide in Tucson,” from High Tide in Tucson: Essays From Now or Never, by Barbara Kingsolver You know I had to put Kingsolver on this list. Her writing resonates even when it makes me laugh, and this story was my first introduction to her. This short is about a stowaway hermit crab that made it all the way from the Bahamas to Arizona in her luggage. It’s the first of a number of essays in this collection that explore family, community, and our relationship with the natural world. There are so many beautiful, moving, necessary pieces of writing out there on the environment and nature. What are some of your favorite nature essays? Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Is Treating Homosexuality Ethical and Effective - 1940 Words

Homosexuality reorientation therapy is a controversial topic. Its effectiveness as well as the ethics involved stir up much debate. Since homosexuality is not an illness, The American Psychological Association reiterated the ‘long-standing official position that homosexuality and bisexuality are not mental disorders, (APA, 1998) (Slife, 2004), can it be treated? If it can, how, and under what circumstances it should be used, are important questions. Before discussing treatment, original orientation must be understood. Kinsey suggests that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum from exclusively homosexual (Kinsey rating 6) to exclusively heterosexual (Kinsey rating0) (House and Miller, 1997) (Slife, 2004). There are†¦show more content†¦These therapists often encourage that women take cooking or sewing classes and men to participate in team sports or groups to develop their true feminine or masculine identity (Evans, 2003). If one can embrace these identities, then it is believed that they will have healthy sexual lives and views. Therapists and Psychologists who practice these therapies argue that clients who want to change should not be told that they cannot; thus, it is not certain that they are settled on a fixed trait (Slife, 2004). Some patients who enter therapy with a wide range of unhappy constructions and attitudes toward their sexuality, learn to redefine themselves and their sexuality, and thus enhance their potential (Nicolosi, 2005). Conversion therapy is a term used to designate an array of counseling techniques designed to effect a shift in sexual preference (Throckmorton, 2005). Reports of patients seem to show positive results from treatment, even if there is no change in sexual orientation (Slife, 2004). Those who request conversion therapy often do so because of conflict between their homosexual feelings and the culture surrounding them. Counselors who practice conversion therapy attempt to understand the cultural background of clients who have deep conflicts over sexual impulses and deeply held moral convictions. Counselors are required to inform clients of the purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Field Of Healthcare1419 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Ekland-Olson, the sociological and clinical process is crucial in devising a moral ground for decision-making (111). The historical and medical perspectives of these issues can assist in shaping eth ical decision-making. Healthcare practitioners are continually facing ethical dilemmas concerning a broad set of issues that arise in the clinical setting. For this reason, it is essential for them to define their set of moral beliefs that could enable them to know when and how to changeRead MoreCounseling Challenges For Gays And Gays1198 Words   |  5 Pagesto effectively treat members of the LGBT community, we must look at historical, political, and personal history to help us understand the fears and secret issues the individual or group may have and how it evolved. Historical records indicate homosexuality has existed since the dawn of creation. However, it was not known by the same name, nor was it as controversial as it is today. Interestingly, homosexual men are referred to as gay, while women are usually referred to as lesbians. The etymologyRead MoreSocial Work Reflection Paper1449 Words   |  6 Pagesprovided with the equal opportunities then everyone can become a productive member of society. 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To be a professional counselor it is important to first know who you are, what your motivations areRead MoreProfessional Identity As A Professional Counselor1983 Words   |  8 Pages At the end of the counseling sessions, we anticipate that the client would have been helped to rectify or prevent conflicts. In an environment where an infinite number of problems are presented and solutions developed, counselors face countless ethical dilemmas. This paper briefly describes how I plan to create my professional identity as a professional counselor. Professional Identity Professional identity develops during the course of two to four years one devotes acquiring the master’s degreeRead MoreChallenges Facing Modern Christians5546 Words   |  23 Pages Competition of power among churches 1. Division of churches 2. Scandals in churches B. Sexual immorality 1. Sex before marriage 2. Sex outside of marriage 3. Homosexuality C. Misinterpretation of doctrines 1. Christianity and other religions 2. Creation versus evolution D. Advancement in technology 1. Warfare 2. Abortion Read MorePopulation Education Reviewer3847 Words   |  16 Pagesassistance and welfare. = Framework for Analysis of Ethical Issues in ReproductIVE Health = By Ruth Hacklin SOURCE: Integrating Ethics into Reproductive Health Care, Law, Education Policy, Researchs, Pp. 6-9, 11-21 * Ethical Dilemmas A situation in which a moral agent-one who is calleds upon to act morally or act in a moral situation-has two or more coyrses of action, none of which is perfectly okay or free of problems. * Ethical Principles in Bioehtics 1.) Respect for person

An Open Letter For Congress A Address The Issue Of...

An Open Letter to Congress: A Call to Address the Issue of Systematic Oppression and Race Relations in America. We the people imbued by God with the very same inalienable rights afforded the family of humanity will no longer remain silent. We join in chorus to herald an anthem demanding long awaited change. On the heels of the recently concluded presidential election our nation has seen a staggering increase in hate crimes. The re emergence of oppressive practices, emboldened violence, and blatant bias against segments of the population threatens the fundamental constitutional premise that guarantees freedom, liberty, and justice for all. We call on Congress to do more to protect the rights of all it s citizens, including: Provide a forum to discuss legislative change that will foster racial and economic equality. (Congressional Hearing) Re examine, and make attempts to remedy the institutional mechanisms that have historically benefited from the machinery of prejudice. Truth To Power (TTP) and the undersigned implore you, our elected representatives, to act expeditiously and justly regarding this matter that for too long has etched away at the moral foundation and ethical integrity of our beloved nation. Sincerely, Jovan Rattray During the historic 1963 March on Washington Dr. Martin Luther King Jr echoed the profound refrain the fierce urgency of now. The genius of his oratory aptitude, unbridled passion, and the undeniable potency of Kings message of hopeShow MoreRelatedBible Versus the Toran12356 Words   |  50 Pagesthe last half deals with partitioning the lands to the people. 2. JUDGES - Time of Judges. This was a bad time period. The Israelites did not drive out all the inhabitants of Canaan and began to take part in their idolatry. 7 cycles of foreign oppression, repentance, and deliverance. In the end, the people failed to learn their lesson. 3. RUTH - Kinsman redeemer in Boaz, redeeming Ruth, a moabitess. 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It deepens their understanding of issues with whichRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmanufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teachingRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesfundamental wide-ranging issues. 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Becomin a Dentist Assistant Free Essays

Dental assistants work closely with, and under the supervision of, dentists. (See the statement on dentists elsewhere in the Handbook. ) Assistants perform a variety of patient care, office, and laboratory duties. We will write a custom essay sample on Becomin a Dentist Assistant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dental assistants should not be confused with dental hygienists, who are licensed to perform different clinical tasks. (See the statement on dental hygienists elsewhere in the Handbook. ) Dental assistants sterilize and disinfect instruments and equipment, prepare and lay out the instruments and materials required to treat each patient, and obtain patients’ dental records. Assistants make patients as comfortable as possible in the dental chair and prepare them for treatment. During dental procedures, assistants work alongside the dentist to provide assistance. They hand instruments and materials to dentists and keep patients’ mouths dry and clear by using suction or other devices. They also instruct patients on postoperative and general oral health care. Dental assistants may prepare materials for impressions and restorations, take dental x rays, and process x-ray film as directed by a dentist. They also may remove sutures, apply topical anesthetics to gums or cavity-preventive agents to teeth, remove excess cement used in the filling process, and place rubber dams on the teeth to isolate them for individual treatment. Some States are expanding dental assistants’ duties to include tasks such as coronal polishing and restorative dentistry functions for those assistants that meet specific training and experience requirements. Dental assistants with laboratory duties make casts of the teeth and mouth from impressions, clean and polish removable appliances, and make temporary crowns. Those with office duties schedule and confirm appointments, receive patients, keep treatment records, send bills, receive payments, and order dental supplies and materials. Work environment. Dental assistants work in a well-lighted, clean environment. Their work area usually is near the dental chair so that they can arrange instruments, materials, and medication and hand them to the dentist when needed. Dental assistants must wear gloves, masks, eyewear, and protective clothing to protect themselves and their patients from infectious diseases. Assistants also follow safety procedures to minimize the risks associated with the use of x-ray machines. About half of dental assistants have a 35- to 40-hour workweek. Most of the rest work part-time or have variable schedules. Depending on the hours of the dental office where they work, assistants may have to work on Saturdays or evenings. Some dental assistants hold multiple jobs by working at dental offices that are open on different days or scheduling their work at a second office around the hours they work at their primary office. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement [About this section] Back to Top Back to Top Many assistants learn their skills on the job, although an increasing number are trained in dental-assisting programs offered by community and junior colleges, trade schools, technical institutes, or the Armed Forces. Education and training. High school students interested in a career as a dental assistant should take courses in biology, chemistry, health, and office practices. For those wishing to pursue further education, the Commission on Dental Accreditation within the American Dental Association (ADA) approved 269 dental-assisting training programs in 2006. Programs include classroom, laboratory, and preclinical instruction in dental-assisting skills and related theory. In addition, students gain practical experience in dental schools, clinics, or dental offices. Most programs take 1 year or less to complete and lead to a certificate or diploma. Two-year programs offered in community and junior colleges lead to an associate degree. All programs require a high school diploma or its equivalent, and some require science or computer-related courses for admission. A number of private vocational schools offer 4- to 6-month courses in dental assisting, but the Commission on Dental Accreditation does not accredit these programs. A large number of dental assistants learn through on-the-job training. In these situations, the employing dentist or other dental assistants in the dental office teach the new assistant dental terminology, the names of the instruments, how to perform daily duties, how to interact with patients, and other things necessary to help keep the dental office running smoothly. While some things can be picked up easily, it may be a few months before new dental assistants are completely knowledgeable about their duties and comfortable doing all of their tasks without assistance. A period of on-the-job training is often required even for those that have completed a dental-assisting program or have some previous experience. Different dentists may have their own styles of doing things that need to be learned before an assistant can be comfortable working with them. Office-specific information, such as where files are kept, will need to be learned at each new job. Also, as dental technology changes, dental assistants need to stay familiar with the tools and procedures that they will be using or helping dentists to use. On-the-job training is often sufficient to keep assistants up-to-date on these matters. Licensure. Most States regulate the duties that dental assistants are allowed to perform. Some States require licensure or registration, which may include passing a written or practical examination. There are a variety of schools offering courses—approximately 10 to 12 months in length—that meet their State’s requirements. Other States require dental assistants to complete State-approved education courses of 4 to 12 hours in length. Some States offer registration of other dental assisting credentials with little or no education required. Some States require continuing education to maintain licensure or registration. A few States allow dental assistants to perform any function delegated to them by the dentist. Individual States have adopted different standards for dental assistants who perform certain advanced duties. In some States, for example, dental assistants who perform radiological procedures must complete additional training. Completion of the Radiation Health and Safety examination offered by Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) meets the standards in more than 30 States. Some States require completion of a State-approved course in radiology as well. Certification and other qualifications. Certification is available through the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) and is recognized or required in more than 30 States. Certification is an acknowledgment of an assistant’s qualifications and professional competence and may be an asset when one is seeking employment. Candidates may qualify to take the DANB certification examination by graduating from an ADA-accredited dental assisting education program or by having 2 years of full-time, or 4 years of part-time, experience as a dental assistant. In addition, applicants must have current certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. For annual recertification, individuals must earn continuing education credits. Other organizations offer registration, most often at the State level. Dental assistants must be a second pair of hands for a dentist; therefore, dentists look for people who are reliable, work well with others, and have good manual dexterity. Advancement. Without further education, advancement opportunities are limited. Some dental assistants become office managers, dental-assisting instructors, dental product sales representatives, or insurance claims processors for dental insurance companies. Others go back to school to become dental hygienists. For many, this entry-level occupation provides basic training and experience and serves as a steppingstone to more highly skilled and higher paying jobs. Employment [About this section] Back to Top Back to Top Dental assistants held about 280,000 jobs in 2006. Almost all jobs for dental assistants were in offices of dentists. A small number of jobs were in the Federal, State, and local governments or in offices of physicians. About 35 percent of dental assistants worked part time, sometimes in more than one dental office. Job Outlook [About this section] Back to Top Back to Top Employment is expected to increase much faster than average; job prospects are expected to be excellent. Employment change. Employment is expected to grow 29 percent from 2006 to 2016, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. In fact, dental assistants are expected to be among the fastest growing occupations over the 2006-16 projection period. Population growth, greater retention of natural teeth by middle-aged and older people, and an increased focus on preventative dental care for younger generations will fuel demand for dental services. Older dentists, who have been less likely to employ assistants or have employed fewer, are leaving the occupation and will be replaced by recent graduates, who are more likely to use one or more assistants. In addition, as dentists’ workloads increase, they are expected to hire more assistants to perform routine tasks, so that they may devote their own time to more complex procedures. Job prospects. Job prospects for dental assistants should be excellent. In addition to job openings due to employment growth, numerous job openings will arise out of the need to replace assistants who transfer to other occupations, retire, or leave for other reasons. Many opportunities for entry-level positions offer on-the-job training, but some dentists prefer to hire experienced assistants or those who have completed a dental-assisting program. How to cite Becomin a Dentist Assistant, Papers

What Factors Affect Am and Fm Radio Reception Essay Example

What Factors Affect Am and Fm Radio Reception Essay What Factors Affect AM And FM Radio Reception? Background Information Communications are carried by waves. One type of communication is AM and FM radio. AM and FM radio’s use radio waves. A radio wave is an electromagnetic wave propagated by an antenna at various frequencies. In AM (amplitude modulated) radio waves, the audio signal changes the amplitude of the carrier wave. In FM (frequency modulated) radio waves, the audio signal changes the frequency of the carrier wave. Australia’s broadcast bandwidth for AM radio is 500-1500 KHz and for FM radio it is 80-108 MHz.AM radio waves can be affected by electrical interference (such as household appliances) and devices oscillating in the same frequency band. FM radio waves aren’t subject to electrical interference but are affected by devices oscillating in the same frequency band. Aim To test if a TV; a microwave oven in use; a mobile phone making a phone call; a TV remote control; water surrounding the aerial; a t hin-metal box; an incandescent light bulb; a fluorescent light bulb – causes interference with AM and FM radio reception. HypothesisI think that a TV will affect AM reception, but not FM reception, because TV’s will give off electrical pulses which will interfere with AM radio, but not FM. I think that a microwave oven being used next to a radio will affect AM and FM radio reception, because microwave ovens are believed to give off a little amount of radiation, which would probably interfere with the AM and FM reception. I think that a mobile phone making a call will affect both AM and FM radio reception, because when a mobile makes a call it is sending out radio signals. This should interfere with AM and FM radio.I don’t think a remote control will interfere with AM reception because it wouldn’t cause much electrical interference, but I think it will interfere with FM reception because remote controls use similar frequencies to FM radio stations. I donâ €™t think water surrounding the radio antenna will affect the reception of AM and FM radio because water isn’t dense enough to block out the signal. I think a thin-metal box will affect AM reception if the radio is inside it because the signal is blocked out by the metal, but I don’t think it will affect the FM reception because the signal is strong enough to ake it through the thin-metal. I don’t think an incandescent light bulb and a fluorescent light bulb will affect the reception of AM and FM radio because I don’t think it gives out and any frequencies that would interfere. Method TV test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio in front of the TV screen and turned the TV on I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable resultsI repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Microwave Oven test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio in front of the microwave oven and turned on the microwave I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Mobile Phone Call test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio next to the mobile phone and made a call I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz TV Remote Control test I tuned the portable radio int o the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I brought the TV remote control next to the radio antennaI recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Water test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I submerged the radio antenna completely under water inside a glass I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable resultsI repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Metal Box test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I p laced the radio inside the metal box and closed the lid I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Incandescent Light Bulb testI tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio right next to the light bulb I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Fluorescent Light Bulb test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how ood the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio right next to the light bulb I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeate d steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz *FOR ALL THE TESTS I USED THE SAME RADIO AND I TUNED INTO THE SAME AM AND FM RADIO STATIONS Results FM Radio Reception results Factors Tested Test 1 Reception Before Test In scale 1-10 Test1 Reception During TestIn scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 TV 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Microwave Oven 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 1 Mobile Phone Call 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 TV Remote Control 8 1 8 2 8 1 8 1 Water 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Metal Box 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Incandescent Light Bulb 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Fluorescent Blub 8 0* 8 0* 8 0* 8 0*AM Radio Reception results Factors Tested Test 1 Reception Before Test In scale 1-10 Test1 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception Be fore test In scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 TV 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 Microwave Oven 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 Mobile Phone Call 9 4 9 5 9 4 9 5 TV Remote Control 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Water 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Metal Box 0* 9 0* 9 0* 9 0* Incandescent Light Bulb 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 Fluorescent Blub 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 0* no reception at all, not even a sound Analysis of results From looking at the results of this experiment, you can see the relationship between the factors (TV, microwave oven, mobile phone call etc) and how it affects the reception the radio gets. With the FM reception results you can see that the microwave oven, the mobile phone call, the TV remote control and the fluorescent light bulb affects the FM radio reception by degrading it heavily.You can also see that the TV, the water, the thin-metal bo x and the incandescent light bulb does not affect the FM radio reception at all. With the AM reception results you can see that the TV, the microwave oven, the mobile phone call, the thin-metal box and the fluorescent bulb affects the AM radio reception by degrading it pretty heavily. You can also see that the incandescent bulb degrades the reception of AM radio slightly and that the TV remote control and the water has no affect on the reception of AM radio at all.Conclusion As you can see from the results, FM radio reception can be affected by a microwave oven being used next to the radio, a mobile phone call being made next to the radio, a TV remote control being held next to the radio and the radio being held next to a fluorescent bulb. Because FM radio is frequency modulated and the audio signal changes the frequency of the wave, these factors will affect FM radio reception because they are all devices that oscillate frequencies that interfere with the FM bandwidth.You can also see from the results that AM radio reception can be affected by a TV being on next to the radio, a microwave oven being used next to the radio, a mobile phone call being made next to the radio, the radio being held next to a fluorescent and incandescent bulb and when you put the radio inside a thin-metal box. Because AM radio is amplitude modulated and the audio signal changes the amplitude of the wave, these factors will affect AM radio reception because they either electrically interfere with the AM reception, they block out the AM signal or they oscillate at a frequency hat interferes with the AM bandwidth. Therefore my earlier hypothesis was mostly right except that incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs DO affect AM reception and fluorescent light bulbs DO affect FM reception. Errors/Improvements My experiment could be improved if I had access to a device that digitally reads how good the radio reception is, so it is not me judging how good the reception is because you will n ot get 100% accurate results because humans aren’t computers and they make mistakes.My experiment could be improved if I carried it out in an empty room so there would be no chance of other things interfering. One error that I made was that I only used one type of TV remote control, because different types of remote controls use different frequencies. Another error I made was by only submerging the antenna in a glass of water that isn’t that deep, if you took the radio to the bottom of a swimming pool or deep in the ocean you could get different results.Bibliography School Physics Textbook www. howstuffworks. com www. cybercollege. com www. geocities. com